M'zaka zaposachedwa, mabatire a lithiamu-ion adatuluka ngati ukadaulo wofunikira pakusintha kwamagetsi ongowonjezwdwa ndi magalimoto amagetsi (EVs). Kufunika kochulukirachulukira kwa mabatire ogwira ntchito komanso otsika mtengo kwadzetsa chitukuko chachikulu m'munda. Chaka chino, akatswiri amaneneratu zopambana zingapo zomwe zitha kusintha mphamvu zamabatire a lithiamu-ion.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe muyenera kuziyang'anira ndikukula kwa mabatire olimba. Mosiyana ndi mabatire achikhalidwe a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte amadzimadzi, mabatire olimba a boma amagwiritsa ntchito zida zolimba kapena zoumba ngati ma electrolyte. Zatsopanozi sizimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa ma EV osiyanasiyana, komanso zimachepetsa nthawi yolipiritsa ndikuwongolera chitetezo pochepetsa kuopsa kwa moto. Makampani otchuka ngati Quantumscape akuyang'ana kwambiri mabatire a lithiamu-zitsulo zachitsulo, pofuna kuwaphatikiza m'magalimoto kuyambira 2025[1].
Ngakhale mabatire olimba amphamvu ali ndi lonjezo lalikulu, ofufuza akufufuzanso zamitundu ina kuti athetse nkhawa za kupezeka kwa zida zazikulu za batri monga cobalt ndi lithiamu. Kufunafuna njira zotsika mtengo, zokhazikika kukupitiliza kuyambitsa zatsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe azamaphunziro ndi makampani padziko lonse lapansi akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a batri, kukulitsa mphamvu, kufulumizitsa kuthamanga, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira[1].
Kuyesetsa kukhathamiritsa mabatire a lithiamu-ion kumapitilira magalimoto amagetsi. Mabatirewa akupeza ntchito m'malo osungira magetsi amtundu wa gridi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azitha kuphatikizika pakanthawi kochepa monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion posungira gridi, kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwamagetsi ongowonjezwdwanso kumakhala bwino [1].
Pakupambana kwaposachedwa, asayansi ku Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory apanga zokutira zopangira polima zomwe zimadziwika kuti HOS-PFM. Kupaka uku kumathandizira kuti mabatire a lithiamu-ion akhale okhalitsa, amphamvu kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi. HOS-PFM nthawi imodzi imayendetsa ma elekitironi ndi ma ion, kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa batri, kuchuluka kwa mtengo / kutulutsa, komanso moyo wonse. Imagwiranso ntchito ngati zomatira, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa nthawi yayitali ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 15. Kuphatikiza apo, zokutirazo zawonetsa kuchita bwino kwambiri zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma silicon ndi ma electrode a aluminiyamu, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwawo ndikusunga batire yayikulu mozungulira kangapo. Zomwe zapezazi zili ndi lonjezo lakuchulukitsa mphamvu zamabatire a lithiamu-ion, kuwapangitsa kukhala otsika mtengo komanso opezeka pamagalimoto amagetsi[3].
Pamene dziko likuyesetsa kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndikusintha kupita ku tsogolo lokhazikika, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri la lithiamu-ion kumachita gawo lofunikira. Ntchito zofufuza ndi chitukuko zomwe zikupitilira zikuyendetsa msika patsogolo, zomwe zikutifikitsa kufupi ndi njira zothetsera batire zogwira mtima, zotsika mtengo, komanso zachilengedwe. Pakupambana kwa mabatire olimba, mafakitole ena, ndi zokutira ngati HOS-PFM, kuthekera kofikira kufalikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi kusungirako mphamvu zamagetsi kumakhala kotheka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-25-2023
