Mu myaka yashize, bateri za lithium-ion zagaragaye nkikoranabuhanga rikomeye muguhindura inzira y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV). Kwiyongera gukenewe kuri bateri zikora neza kandi zihendutse byatumye iterambere rigaragara murwego. Uyu mwaka, abahanga bavuga ko hari byinshi bizagerwaho bishobora guhindura ubushobozi bwa bateri ya lithium-ion.
Iterambere rigaragara kugirango dukurikirane ni iterambere rya bateri zikomeye. Bitandukanye na bateri gakondo ya lithium-ion ikoresha electrolytite yamazi, bateri-ikomeye-ikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye cyangwa ububumbyi nka electrolytike. Ibi bishya ntabwo byongera ingufu zingufu gusa, birashobora kwagura urugero rwa EV, ariko kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza kandi bitezimbere umutekano mukugabanya ibyago byumuriro. Ibigo bikomeye nka Quantumscape byibanda kuri bateri ya lithium-ibyuma bikomeye, igamije kubishyira mu binyabiziga guhera mu 2025 [1].
Mugihe bateri zikomeye zifite amasezerano akomeye, abashakashatsi nabo barimo gushakisha ubundi buryo bwa chimisties kugirango bakemure impungenge zuko haboneka ibikoresho byingenzi bya batiri nka cobalt na lithium. Gushakisha uburyo buhendutse, burambye burakomeza gutwara udushya. Byongeye kandi, ibigo by’amasomo n’amasosiyete ku isi birakorana umwete mu kongera imikorere ya batiri, kongera ubushobozi, kwihutisha umuvuduko, no kugabanya ibiciro by’inganda [1].
Imbaraga zo kunoza bateri ya lithium-ion irenze ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Izi bateri zirimo gushakisha mububiko bwamashanyarazi kurwego rwa gride, bituma habaho guhuza neza amasoko yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nkingufu zizuba nizuba. Mugukoresha bateri ya lithium-ion kugirango ibike gride, ituze hamwe nubwizerwe bwa sisitemu yingufu zishobora kongera imbaraga [1].
Mu ntambwe iherutse gukorwa, abahanga bo muri Laboratwari y'igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley bakoze ubushakashatsi bwerekana polymer ikora nka HOS-PFM. Iyi coating ituma bateri ya lithium-ion ikomeye cyane kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. HOS-PFM icyarimwe ikora electron na ion byombi, byongera ingufu za bateri, kwishyuza / gusohora, hamwe nubuzima bwose. Ikora kandi nk'ifata, ishobora kongera igihe cyo kubaho cya bateri ya lithium-ion kuva ku myaka 10 kugeza kuri 15. Byongeye kandi, igifuniko cyerekanye imikorere idasanzwe iyo ikoreshejwe kuri electrode ya silicon na aluminium, igabanya iyangirika ryayo kandi igakomeza ubushobozi bwa batiri hejuru yizunguruka nyinshi. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bifite isezerano ryo kongera ingufu za bateri za lithium-ion, bigatuma bihendutse kandi bigera ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi [3].
Mugihe isi iharanira kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kwimuka mugihe kizaza kirambye, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya lithium-ion rifite uruhare runini. Imbaraga zikomeje gukorwa nubushakashatsi niterambere biratera imbere inganda, bikatwegereza ibisubizo bya batiri neza, bihendutse, kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Hamwe niterambere muri bateri zikomeye, imiti yubundi buryo, hamwe na HOS-PFM, amahirwe yo kwakirwa cyane mumashanyarazi no kubika ingufu za gride murwego rwo hejuru birashoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-25-2023
